Verbs Study 02

Hello everyone, how are you today?

Since I'm becoming more and more busy lately I decided to write these study notes in advance, writing them all on Sunday and then reviewing with you during the week. But I'll publish one per day as I was doing. Is it ok?

Today we will continue our verbs studies, learning how to find the verbs stems and how to . The notes here are taken from some different grammars I found at my university.

01)五段動詞 - the consonant stem verbs.
To find the stem drop the "u" in the end.
例えば：
  Verbs     Stems
急ぐ　いそぐ　isog-　
書く　かく    kak-
死ぬ　しぬ    shin-
読む　よむ    yom-

Two notes here: if the verb ends in -au, -iu, or -ou it is classified as 五段動詞 and the stem is formed by dropping the "u". That's because we consider a missing "w" as if it ends in "wu".
例えば：
  Verbs    Stems
買う　かう   ka-
言う　いう   i-
思う　おもう omo-
Second note is that you need to remeber that some verbs ending in -eru and -iru are 五段動詞. Also, the verbo "kiru" when it means "to cut" (切る） is a 五段動詞, this form has the stress on "ki". But when "kiru" means "to wear" (着る）then it is an 一段動詞. This form has the stress on "ru".

02)一段動詞 - the vowel stem verbs
To find the stem drop the final -ru.
例えば：
   Verbs        Stems
上げる　あげる     age-
始める　はじめる   hajime-
食べる　たべる     tabe-
考える　かんがえる kangae-

Then we shall move to the infinitive form as it is the basis for some other verb forms.

To form the infinitive of 五段動詞 you add -i to the stem.
例えば：
    Verbs          Stems　Infinitive
急ぐ　いそぐ　 isog-　  isogi-
書く　かく       kak-      kaki-
死ぬ　しぬ       shin-     shini-
読む　よむ       yom-     yomi-

The infinitive of 一段動詞 is the stem itself. Pretty easy huh? Makes you love 一段動詞 more than　五段動詞.

The infinitive form of くる is ki- and for する is shi-.

Then finally we can form the polite forms of verbs adding -masu to the infinitive!

    Verbs              Stems　     Infinitive    Polite form
急ぐ　  いそぐ　     isog-　       isogi-           急ぎます
書く　  かく            kak-          kaki-　　　  書きます
死ぬ　  しぬ            shin-         shini-　　　  死にます
読む　  よむ            yom-         yomi-　　　 読みます
上げる　あげる        age-          age-　　　  上げます
始める　はじめる     hajime-     hajime-　 　始めます
食べる　たべる        tabe-         tabe-　　 　食べます
考える　かんがえる kangae-     kangae-　  考えます

Thats it for today, I'm gonna take a bath now, this city is absurdly hot these days!

Baibai